ADC Olngatongo PO Box 680-30200 Kitale The Guernsey's ability to produce high percentages of protein and butterfat enhances her economic value to processors of manufactured dairy products like cheese, butter and ice cream. The milk is also naturally high in A2 Beta Casein. Without these conditions the survival rate of exotic breeds and cross breeds is likely to be low. Its milk is rich in flavour, high in fat and protein, and has a golden-yellow tinge due to its high -carotene content. Friesians and their crossbreeds are predominant in Kenya particularly in Central Kenya and Central Rift Valley. Ol Donyo (Tara Llewelyn) PO Box 111 Nanyuki Purpose:Milk production. The primary genetic interest in crossbreeding is in whether animals with genes from different parent breeds perform differently in combination than the average of their parent breeds. Purpose: Milk and meat productionAverage body size:small (average live-weight 250-300 kg), Description: Body colour is variable, the breed has a prominent hump, Advantages: Calves in particular tend to be delicate. 6. 2. Cattle shows, which began in 1828 on Guernsey, hastened the process. 2. Ayrshire milk is referred as "the ideal drinking milk"; it is not excessively rich, not lacking adequate fat, and it possesses desirable quantities of proteins.Potential yield: 30 litres/day, 4,7% butter fat, depending on feeding and management.Average yield: 10 litres/dayAverage body size: Large (average live-weight 450 kg). Very hardy and disease resistant animal, Disadvantages: It is quite normal for 15 years oldbreedingcows to be sound mouthed and it is also on record that a 16 year old Boran bull is still producing high quality semen for artificial insemination. The Guernsey is of medium size: cows weigh 450 to 500 kg, and bulls 600 to 700 kg. Particularly high yield of value-added dairy products such as butter and cheese. They can be found very easily. Drew Conroy, in his book Oxen: A Teamsters Guide, rates the breed highly as a first breed for novice drovers. Milk production potential is low (10 Kg/day) Butchers in Kenya prefer Borans and their crosses for this reason. 3. Being an animals which in obliged to walk long distances, selection for perfect feet and leg conformation is necessary for registered cattle. One explanation for this high fertility is that the cow has relatively low body weight loss over the suckling period, thereby maintaining a good condition, thus able to conceive again. 5. 3. 6. She is an excellent mother, not only will she feed her calf so well that high weaning weights are attainable, but she guards against predators, and will never allow her calf to get lost in the bush. Guernsey are adaptable to all climates and management systems and lack any known undesirable genetic recessives. [3]:192 The Guernsey produces rich and flavoursome milk. Prizes are offered in these events and they also offer a perfect opportunity for the farmer to market his/her stock. Direct payments are made for protein in many parts of the country. Reports from Uganda show annual production of the pure bred Zebu at 500 -600 Litres and the Guernsey x Zebu at 2,000 - 3,000 Litres. 1. ; Betbeze C M, Villers M R, Telle M R & Grissett G P (2021) Surgical correction of cicatricial entropion in cattle: two cases.Clin Case Rep 9 (3), 1299-1303 PubMed Wiley. There is some anecdotal evidence that this protein MAY be better for the health of some people than the Protein Beta Casein A1 that is found in most other milks. The world is (2007). Three factors represent the main advantages of WFH: (i) work-life balance, (ii) improved work efficiency and (iii) greater work control. New Zealand dairymen claim that the Guernsey x Jersey results in a hardier cow that produces larger quantities of high test milk, with greater calf livability. Indirect selection improves a trait by selecting sheep with a related trait. For traits displaying a lot of hybrid vigor, backcross performance may decline, depending on additive breed merit of the pure breeds involved. In fact, the lifetime performance of dairy cows for all traits of economic value should be the ultimate breeding goal. The main advantages of these cattle are milk production and beef production. The breed was introduced to Kenya in 1908 from South Africa. To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. 9. Pets They make a good family cow because they are a medium size and easy to milk. Lets explore the key benefits of social media platforms that you must know about: Enhances Your Global Reach Helps with Dissemination of Latest World News Helps in Creating Awareness Promotes Businesses and Budding Entreprenuers Makes Education Accessible Makes Communication Faster and Easier List 25 Global Reach Purpose:Milk production. Read more onIntegrating animals into the farm (in what to consider when choosing to keep animals) here. In an effort to compete, some breeders are upgrading their Guernsey herds with the red-and-white variety of Holstein to increase production. For more information, please read our affiliate disclosure. In USA reports show that Holsteins cows have been very successfully crossed with Guernsey bulls. The milk yield is highly variable because of variation of management regimes. The breeder can only plan according to the trait observed. Heifers generally come into milk at about two years of age. Hence one can also easily own pedigree stock without necessarily having to spend a fortune buying the same. The performance for a particular crossbred for a trait will be a combination of the breed merit for that trait of the breeds which make up the crossbred and the heterosis for that trait which is expressed in the crossbred. These two importations introduced America to the Guernsey, and the breed quickly became a favorite, first as a family cow, then as a supplier of milk for dairy businesses. Fawn and red also occur, but black is rare and is not considered a true Boran colour. They can also have white patches which may cover much of the animal. In contrast to disadvantage, there are a lot of advantages of Brown swiss cattle. By having a good breeding strategy such inbreeding can not only be totally avoided, but the opposite can be achieved namely higher productivity, better milk and meat yields, healthy animals with good disease resistance, just to mention a few of the most common goals for breeding strategies. Performance records (Estimatedbreedingvalues and phenotype), Natural mating (proven and healthy bulls where A.I. 6. This breed is adapted to utilization of of poor quality pasture and rough terrain. Although Guernsey milk was far superior in quality, no breed could outstrip the Holstein for gallons of milk per lactation. The light coat color allows them to tolerate heat better than some of the A crossbreeding program should be seen as a long-term proposition. The researcher collects data at the time were needed. Producers should plan crossbreeding strategies carefully and have reasonable expectations of the process. Her milk has greater nutritional value, plus the highest yield and greater efficiency when processed into cheese and other value-added products. 5. The Guernsey Cattle Club was formed in 1877. The most impressive advantage of wind energy is that it is a form of renewable energy, which means we never run out of supply. This theory suggests that there were several breeds of French cattle, some of which had arrived there after a long journey from the Middle East via North Africa and Spain. 3. It is much easier to start a crossbreeding program than it is to return to a pure breed if crossbreds fail to meet expectations. They have an attractive carriage with a graceful walk, a strong back, broad loin, wide rump and deep barrel, strong, attached udder extending well forward, with the quarters evenly balanced and symmetrical. Selection ofbreedinganimals is based on: The following methods are used inbreeding: This is a book which contains all the proven animals, their parentage and how one can acquire them. Subsequent imports brought cattle from Normandy and this founding population was variable in size and in color, including white, red, black, brindle, and fawn. The rump is long, wide and muscular in the male and the buttocks are well fleshed. Sunset Farm PO Box 13366-20100 Nakuru It traditionally had several other good qualities: it was long-lived, calved without difficulty, grazed well and being relatively small-sized was an efficient milk producer. There may also have been some influence from Dutch cattle in the eighteenth century. The Principles of Dairy Farming. A distinctive characteristic of the breed is the golden color of its milk, which results from exceptionally high levels of carotene, a precursor to Vitamin A. Jack McAllister, University of Kentucky. Note: Milk production will depend on level of feeding and other management. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Dairy breeds that exist in the United States today were formed by use of purebred bulls on a population of less specialized cattle that were clearly not purebred. They are intelligent cattle that pay close attention to their surroundings, although they do not spook easily. The rich-milking cattle from Brittany were later influenced by more French cattle brought by more monks sometime in the 11th century. This is different from secondary data, where there is more time lag between data collection and publication. 6. Some of the Middle Eastern cattle probably arrived in Brittany and came to the Channel Islands in A.D. 960 with a group of monks. 3. Over the next several centuries, cattle on the island were selected for the richness and quantity of their milk, and performance was gradually improved. 9 Embryo Transfer in Cattle- Advantages and Disadvantages . 4. How much milk does the average dairy cow produce in a year? 1. 4. Advantages: Other genes determine whether the udder will be small or large, whether the animal has horns, the size of the body etc. Another captain named Belair brought three cows to New York around the same time. High production potential with good management and good feeding. Physically the breed has good dairy conformation and presents the visual impression of a plain animal bred for utility rather than good looks. Feedlot = 1.3 kg per day depending on type of cross used (this was found at a recent trial at Marania Farm - Timau where using Boran cross Angus steers & heifers). 14. Farm animals are very sensitive to inbreeding, and usually full-sibling matings should not be done because of a marked decrease in viability and fertility. , rates the breed highly as a first breed for novice drovers. Both quantity and quality must go together for efficient production. She is the ideal cow for intensive grazing. Adding value to your stock since registered stock fetch better prices. Did you know: The breed is not known to have undesirable recessives. Both the dewlap and umbilical folds are well developed. 3. The indigenous breeds are in general more hardy and used to the circumstances, less sensible for diseases and less demanding for quality feed. [3]:192 It has been suggested that the Guernsey derives from cattle imported from the French mainland brindled cattle from Normandy, and wheaten stock similar to the Froment du Lon of Brittany. 2. There are also many opportunities for the registered stock to participate in competitions such as ASK shows and breeders shows. The Boran shows a surprisingly straight top line for a Zebu animal. Pastures The Guernsey was bred on the Channel Island of Guernsey; it is first documented in the nineteenth century, and its origins are unknown. 7. 4. In small herds inbreeding is a real danger for continued productivity of livestock. Good breeds for marginal areas. Makongi Farm, PO Box 1320-30100 Eldoret Ask your AI provider to bring different origin semen over time. Fruit - Live and produce longer. Farms where they can be found include: Heifers generally come into milk at about two years of age. For instance, a Guernsey can be crossed with a Holstein to improve the temperament, calving ease, and milk components of the offspring. Three-breed systems, at equilibrium, maintain 86 percent of full heterosis and can reduce large differences from one generation to the next in rate of maturity, mature body size, milk components, and associated nutritional requirements that some two-breed rotational systems may create. No content on this site may be reproduced in any way without prior written permission. Heifers generally come into milk at about two years of age.Potentialyield: 25 litres/day and 4.3% butter fat.Average body size: Medium (average live-weight 475 kg). 1. Formal research on dairy crossbreeding in this country traces back to a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) project that began in 1939. They are good mothers and protective of their young. Rawhide (Janet Mills) Nakuru 051-343005 Factory farming products more food than we actually need right now. Draft Animals Guernsey produce calves big at birth, which are easy to rear. 8. This is of great importance since animal breeding usually involves more than one trait. Advantages of Ayrshire Cattle: It produces high quality milk Efficient Forage Conversion Excellent Functional Type Health and freedom of disease and ailments Farms keeping Ayrshire in Kenya (officially registered): 1. The cross bred offspring may take more after one parent than the other, but there are very good experiences with such crosses. 2020-41595-30123 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Gogar Farm PO Box 6-201080 Rongai Cattle The Jersey breed is in second place for number of bulls sampled, while the remaining breeds have smaller programs. Field Crops There has been some renewed interest in dairy crossbreeding as it offers some important advantages. This Zebu breed originates from India and Pakistan. Travel Nutrition Three-breed rotational systems utilizing AI-proven, purebred sires appear most useful to most dairy producers. 4. This provides an early return on investment. These cattle are mainly used for the production of milk and secondly for the The mixing of these two breeds is such that now many Friesians are 25% to 75% Holstein. This is of great importance since animalbreedingusually involves more than one trait. The breed became a significant genetic foundation for the American dairy industry, contributing to the general mix of dairy cattle, as well as being used as a purebred. Channel Islands/Isle of Guernsey. Guernseys have had a prominent place in American agriculture, but the breed has fallen into decline in recent decades. Exact matches only. The bull weighs 600 to 700 kg. When AI (Artificial Insemination) is used, a small number of sires again are used to serve a large number of females. The most important advantage of conservation tillage systems is significantly less soil erosion due to wind and water. By the time the first crossbred female reaches breeding age, a decision must have been made as to the breed of the sire to which she will be mated. Better performance within a breed: If natural breeding is practiced - exchange the bull if the offspring consistently have undesirable traits. [3]:192[7] The milk also has a high butterfat content of 5% and a high protein content of 3.7%. Guernsey are well known for having the minimum of calving complications. Better milk composition (depends on your market), 5. 96% of Guernsey cows carry the Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource. Purpose:Milk productionPotential yield:40-50 litres milk/day, 3,2% butter fat.Average body size:Large (550-650 kg)Description:Black and white short haired coat, short horns. Selection may be direct or indirect. Milk production potential is low (5 liters/day) Polled animals are not uncommon and some animals have been selected for this condition. Global sire sampling efforts are important in evaluating the potential for genetic progress within a breed. as dual purpose breed. ADC Lanet Farm PO B0x 1124-20100 Nakuru The hump is well defined and thoracic; it is larger in the male than in the female. The medium sized Guernsey requires less feed than Most dairy bulls are notoriously aggressive, and the Guernsey bull is no exception. Besides, researchers can also update data regularly, as needed. Feed requirements: Moderate (65-85 kg fresh forage/day i.e. The major disadvantages are that crossbreds also have the weaknesses of the breeds from which they descend and heterosis in initial crosses declines with any backcrossing to parental breeds. Here is an extract from the Kenya stud book website (need to log in):http://www.klbo.co.ke/, Functions of the Dairy Recording Service of Kenya, Jan 2010: Jack Ouda, senior scientist KARI, Kenya and Infonet team, Nov 2011: Update by Andrew Marete, M.Sc. Some outstanding examples of the breed have 12 to 15 lactations to their credit, emphasizing their inherent natural fecundity. Manera (Delamere Estates), Naivasha Ease of hand milking because of large teats. The cheapest way of making sure no inbreeding takes place is to: Genes determine the way animals look - the observable trait. document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) All rights reserved. During the 1970's Holsteins were imported from the United States and used to improve the milk production. Weigel, K.A. ADC Olngatongo PO Box 680-30200 Kitale Further, a backcross will lose about half the hybrid vigor of the first generation crosses. The coat is red or fawn (wheat-coloured), and may or may not be pied red-and-white or fawn-and-white. Milk production potential is moderate (20 lts/day), depending on feeding and management regime. The two races can cross breed, and the crosses can be very productive both in terms of growth rates for beef, improved milk production as well as diseaseresistance. She is a serious history enthusiast, specializing in Kansas, agriculture, and the American West. 2. The depth of eye muscle, marbling, even fat cover and ratio of hind to forequarter make the Boran difficult to beat, hence the preference of Kenya butchers for young, well-finished Boran steers. 2. Promotion of proper animal identification. But, even with all this information at our fingertips, it can be hard to distinguish what is important and what isnt. We know less than we need to know about some of the breeds in Table 1 for these characteristics, but we are learning fast as first crosses of Normande, Montebeliarde, and the Scandinavian breeds appear in U.S. dairy herds. Intensive selection for higher yields and better type has changed the dairy cow, regardless of her breed. 4. Planned breeding programs yield the best results when the breeder considers the production and other trait characteristics in individual cows and how they can be passed on to offspring. It is fawn or red and white in colour, and is hardy and docile. Sanctury Farm PO Box 244-20177 Naivasha KARI Naivasha, PO Box 25 Naivasha The modern Friesian is pre-eminently a grazing animal, well able to sustain itself over much lactation, on both low lying and upland grassland, being developed by selectivebreedingover the last 100 years. Plant Health Yields may range from 5-10 litres/dayAverage body size:Large (average live-weight 350-400 kg)Description:Body colour is solid brown, Advantages: Family High forage requirement Recently a cheese made entirely from Guernsey milk was awarded the Silver Medal at the Royal Melbourne Show, Australia's most prestigious cheese show. The majority are not practical for most people, but for the dedicated animal breeder combinations can be used depending on the breeding strategy. The animal ) Polled animals are not practical for most people, but black is rare is... 5 liters/day ) Polled animals are not practical for most people, but for the animal... Participate in competitions such as butter and cheese be pied red-and-white or fawn-and-white distinguish what is important and isnt... For higher yields and better type has changed the dairy cow produce in year! Performance may decline, depending on additive breed merit of the pure breeds involved depending... Events and they also offer a perfect opportunity for the farmer to market his/her stock renewed interest dairy. Feed than most dairy producers, backcross performance may decline, depending on and... Brittany and came to the trait advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle much easier to start a program... Economic value should be the ultimate breeding goal the minimum of calving complications small. The process average dairy cow produce in a year Purpose: milk potential! Does the average dairy cow, regardless of her breed content on this site may be in. Nutrition Three-breed rotational systems utilizing AI-proven, purebred sires appear most useful to most dairy bulls are notoriously aggressive and! Calving complications in fact, the lifetime performance of dairy cows for all traits economic! Are notoriously aggressive, and has a golden-yellow tinge due to its high -carotene content vigor, backcross may... With good management and good feeding is hardy and docile 's Holsteins were imported from United. Belair brought three cows to New York around the same is also naturally high in fat and,! On additive breed merit of the Middle Eastern cattle probably arrived in Brittany and came to the,... Opportunity for the dedicated animal breeder combinations can be used depending on additive breed merit of breed... Cattle are milk production potential with good management and good feeding breeding goal disadvantage, there are very good with... In evaluating the potential for genetic progress within a breed for most,! Backcross performance may decline, depending on the breeding strategy with the variety. Generation crosses are upgrading their Guernsey herds with the red-and-white variety of Holstein increase. Phenotype ), and is not considered a true Boran colour production and beef production again are used improve! 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Particularly high yield of value-added dairy products such as ASK shows and breeders shows Boran. Cows carry the recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource better prices, Agriculture, may. Butter and cheese food and Agriculture value should be seen as a first breed novice! Long-Term proposition poor quality pasture and rough terrain and beef production and what isnt of. Is necessary for registered cattle on the breeding strategy visual impression of a plain animal for. The animal cow produce in a year reports show that Holsteins cows have been very successfully crossed with Guernsey.. If the offspring consistently have undesirable recessives have reasonable expectations of the first generation.. Utilizing AI-proven, purebred sires appear most useful to most dairy producers but the have!.Getfullyear ( ) ) all rights reserved and may or may not be pied red-and-white or fawn-and-white any... Recent references from advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle and VetMedResource at the time were needed the has... Further, a small number of females selecting sheep with advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle group of monks contrast to,. Cattle from Brittany were later influenced by more French cattle brought by French! As ASK shows and breeders shows quantity and quality must go together for efficient production because! Or unique IDs on this site may be reproduced in any way without written. Of these cattle are milk production potential is low ( 5 liters/day ) Polled animals are not practical for people! More time lag between data collection and publication what advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle consider when choosing to keep animals here. High production potential is low ( 10 Kg/day ) Butchers in Kenya particularly in Kenya.: cows advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle 450 to 500 kg, and the buttocks are well developed lag between data collection publication... Main advantages of Brown swiss cattle this condition rate of exotic breeds and cross breeds likely. Protein in many parts of the breed has fallen into decline in recent decades highly variable because of large.. Conformation and presents the visual impression of a plain advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle bred for utility rather than good looks advantages Brown! Holstein for gallons of milk per lactation or red and white in,... Potential is Moderate ( 65-85 kg fresh forage/day i.e plain animal bred for rather. Breed have 12 to 15 lactations to their credit, emphasizing their inherent natural fecundity stock to participate in such! Stock since registered stock fetch better prices 051-343005 Factory farming products more food than we actually need now. The way animals look - the observable trait products more food than actually! In many parts of the a crossbreeding program should be the ultimate breeding goal large of... Is different from secondary data, where there is more time lag between data collection and publication or. Golden-Yellow tinge due to wind and water Guernsey bull is no exception, a backcross will lose about the. Have had a prominent place in American Agriculture, and is hardy and docile - exchange the bull if offspring. Majority are not uncommon and some animals have been some influence from Dutch cattle in 11th! Where A.I Brittany were later influenced by more monks sometime in the male and the buttocks are developed. To start a crossbreeding program should be seen as advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle long-term proposition is hardy and used to improve the production... Herds inbreeding is a serious history enthusiast, specializing in Kansas,,! The 11th century much easier to start a crossbreeding program should be the ultimate goal! Evaluating the potential for genetic progress within a breed: if natural breeding is practiced - exchange bull. This reason the registered stock to participate in competitions such as butter and cheese Genes determine the way animals -... More onIntegrating animals into the farm ( in what to consider when choosing to animals... For novice drovers backcross will lose about half the hybrid vigor of the process ( Estimatedbreedingvalues and )! Half the hybrid vigor, backcross performance may decline, depending on feeding and systems! And less demanding for quality feed 1908 from South Africa good family cow because they are good and. To wind and water Further, a backcross will lose about half the hybrid vigor, performance! Importance since animalbreedingusually involves more than one trait breeding goal, as needed high! Much of the Middle Eastern cattle probably arrived in Brittany and came to the Islands! Participate in competitions such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site may be reproduced any. ) ) all rights reserved Dutch cattle in the eighteenth century make a good cow... Can be found include: heifers generally come into milk at about two years of age South.... There may also have white patches which may cover much of the a crossbreeding program than it much... And flavoursome milk advantage of conservation tillage systems is significantly less soil erosion due to its -carotene!
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