magnesium metal and iron ii nitrate undergo a single replacement reaction

\[2 \ce{Na} \left( s \right) + 2 \ce{H_2O} \left( l \right) \rightarrow 2 \ce{NaOH} \left( aq \right) + \ce{H_2} \left( g \right)\nonumber \]. Name(s): Kayla Johnson CHM 1020 W5 A change in color occurs. What is the classification for the unbalanced reaction: #Fe(s) + HCl(aq) -> FeCl_3(aq) + H_2(g)#? 21 When 26.156 & powdered zinc metal is added to # nitric acid solution (63.02 &mol-') , the reaction that takes plece is a8 follows: containing 50 416 & HNO, (be) FONHOT + (S)uzv + (be)e(EON)uzv NH.NOs(aq) 3Hz0(0) 21.1 Determine the amount of Zn(NOs) (189.41 g mol ') produced if the percentage yield of the reaction 96.91%. A novel nickel-based steam reforming catalyst comprising hibonite and potassium beta-alumina with improved resilience, improved activity, reduced potassium leaching and reduced coking problems. What would happen if #"HCl"# is added to a solution of cobalt (II) ions? 6. points) Hydralazine is a drug used to treat heart disease. For each of the following sets of reactants, write the balanced equation for the single displacement reaction that occurs. Aqueous potassium chloride + aqueous silver nitrate, 9. You're dealing with a single replacement reaction in which magnesium metal, Mg , replaces the zinc cations in zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3)2 . 441 sentences with 'hygroscopic'. while in Singapore secondary school teachers say it's K Na Ca Mg, etc. Here \(AB\) and \(CD\) are usually aqueous ionic compounds (or acids) consisting of aqueous ions (\(A^+\) and \(B^-\), \(C^+\) and \(D^-\)). The process of using the reactivity series is the same for both cations and anions: Let's think back to our experiment combining, The first question we might ask is what element, What products do we expect from this single replacement reaction? Based on this activity series, we would predict that. The products of such a reaction are the metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. aluminum oxide decomposition balanced equation aluminum oxide decomposition balanced equation The video below displays the effect of adding water to a mixture of Cu (NO 3) 2 (s) with Al (s), CuCl 2 (s) with Al (s), and Cu (NO 3) 2 with Sn (s). In these reactions more reactive metal displaces less reactive metal from its salt. Are single displacement reactions exothermic? Rat Terrier Chihuahua Mix, aqueous lead(II) nitrate + aqueous potassium chloride. Mikey Williams Net Worth, Old King Cole Lyrics Army, For example, any element listed above iron (Fe) can replace iron, including chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and magnesium (Mg). It is 59.99% carbon, 5.03% hydrogen, and 34.98% nitrogen and has a molecular mass of 160.178 g/mol. The starting materials are always pure elements, such as a pure zinc metal or hydrogen gas, plus an aqueous compound. Both carbonic acid and sulfurous acid are unstable and will decompose to form carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide gases, respectively: The predicted products are sulfurous acid and sodium nitrate. Do not add all the iron powder at once. The physical and chemical constitution of ferrous slags from diverse sources is depicted in Table 1.The majority of the oxides in ferrous slag, including CaO, MnO, SiO 2, Fe 2 O 3, MgO, and Al 2 O 3, are alkaline compounds that may be combined with water to form OH ions (Zhang et al., 2016; Changalvaei et al., 2021). How Old Is Mel Tillis Jr, Type R Bulb 25 Watt Ikea, Both compounds are white solids that can be dissolved in water to make clear, colorless solutions. Also be aware that skin discoloration will result from contact with \(\ce{AgNO3}\). Question 10. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. If you predict that no reaction will occur, write NR, followed by a brief explanation. It is crystallized as tetrahydrate from aqueous solutions at low temperature; the tetrahydrate easily loses water when heated. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The reaction of 15 moles carbon with 30 moles O2. Cationic single Replacement Reaction Examples In this reaction zinc is a highly reactive metal it replaces hydrogen from hydrochloric acid by oxidation itself and reduces hydrogen cation to form zinc chloride. I was also wondering the same question, and I googled out this aritle. How do we know which iron carbonyl is produced in a reaction? 23 Is Back, Video comparing the activity of three metals (Cu, Mg and Zn). a metal with an even lower electronegativity would react with Na 1+ (aq) + Br 1- (aq) + H 1+ (aq) + Cl 1- (aq); ( No DR Reaction ) A double replacement reaction will occur if a formation of a precipitate , gas or water takes place. ): 3. Which statement best explains who is correct? Get Answer. A precipitate (cloudy, tiny particles) appears. In a hydrogen replacement reaction, the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by an active metal. The data provided by the reactivity series can be used to predict whether a metal can displace another in a single displacement reaction. The tarnish can be removed using a number of polishes, but the process also removes a small amount of silver along with the tarnish. Direct link to adityasalunkhe332's post why is sodium less reacti, Posted 6 years ago. Balancing Strategies: In this single displacement reaction the Mg replaces the H in the HNO3. Direct link to Alex the Chrononaut's post In Problem 2, why Zinc as, Posted 7 years ago. Note that some reactions take longer than others. Old substances are converted to new substances, which have unique physical and chemical properties of their own. Calcium reacts with copper (II) nitrate to form calcium nitrate and copper metal. As a result of the different ways reactivity can be defined, however, you might see some elements ranked in a different order depending on your teacher or textbook. Synthesis. This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction, a single replacement reaction, producing great quantities of heat (flame and sparks) and a stream of molten iron and aluminum oxide which pours out of a hole in the bottom of the pot into sand. Some properties that are taken into account in the reactivity series include reactivity with water and acids, as well as how readily an element loses electrons to form cations. Magnesium is a more reactive metal than copper. Breaking of old chemical bonds and formation of new chemical bonds. there are no pure elements. Lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide solutions Pour about 2.0 mL of lead (II) nitrate into the test tube. This is based on the fact that I had added 10 drops of distilled water to the crucible experiment using an eyedropper, and with the lid on top on the tripod and the iron ring, I had gently heated it for five mintues, then heated it on an Will a precipitate form if solutions of . Cost To Install Barn Door, Now our new solution would contain magnesium (II), copper (II) and zinc (0) (okay, the zinc would deposit itself somewhere, but you get the picture). We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. An aqueous solution containing 5.01 g of lead (II) nitrate is added to an aqueous solution containing 5.63 g of potassium chloride. The input force is 50 N. But it will not create not any change. An element that is higher in the series will displace an element that is below it. What is the general equation of a single displacement reaction? In this example, the silver atoms in, Does this match our observations? Meanwhile, we can use our keen observational skills to start thinking about what is going on. We predict a single replacement reaction will occur when a less reactive element can be replaced by a more reactive element in a compound. mass and charge. ) Add the two iron nails to the Erlenmeyer flask containing approximately 50ml of copper (II) chloride solution. 1. Direct link to John Liggins's post The reaction CuSO4 + AgNO, Posted 6 years ago. Why is it Cu 2+, but Ag +? How can we tell if a reaction takes place? A and B must be either different metals (including H) or different halogens. 2AlCl3 + 3Br2 2AlBr3 + 3Cl2, Which of the following will have a lower ionization energy than scandium, Give an example of a protein structure that would give positive test with Molischs Reagent. One Piece 24 Dub, * The formula for copper II nitrate under the reaction on the right should read Cu (NO3)2. One example is the reaction between lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide. Question Transcribed Image Text: Magnesium metal and iron (11) nitrate undergo a single replacement reaction. Predicting and determining the products using the reactivity series. This page titled 11.7: Single Replacement Reactions is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. b. Corrosion is the caustic attack by For reactions involving metals, use just 1-2 pieces of each metal. Some metals are so reactive that they are capable of replacing the hydrogen in water. How To Take Apart An Ashley Recliner Chair, What is true about the rate of reaction?If two reactant particles collide, but a reaction does not occur, this is called a(n) _____.A catalyst used in your body is called a(n) ______.Where is the formula for a catalyst shown in a chemical equation?Increasing concentration means an increase in the reaction because ofDecreases because of a decrease in collision frequencyWhen the surface area of a solid reactant decreases, the rate of reaction ____If reaction A occurs quickly at room temperature and reaction B will not occur unless heated to 500C. Magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid solution Place one . Yamaha Rhino 700 Valve Adjustment, FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY. What are the applications of displacement reactions? Enter your email address to subscribe & receive notifications of new posts by email. An Activity Series of elements is often used to determine if \(A\) will displace \(B\) in a single displacement reaction. Fluorine is the most reactive halogen, while iodine is the least. Incline Gravity Clock, \[\ce{Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KCl (aq) -> 2 KNO3 (aq) + PbCl2 (s)}\]. Bromine forms a diatomic molecule when it is by itself. Which of the equations is the reverse reaction of N2(g) + 3 H2(g) --> 2NH3 (g)when the forward reaction is equal to the reverse reactionWhich of the following describes what occurs when a system is in balance between the forward and reverse reactions? c. how many grams of zin chloride are needed to produce 8.70 g sodium chloride? LIVE Here is how I got the answer: If there is a reaction, write the net ionic equation.Some magnesium (Mg) metal is added to a solution of iron (III) chloride. To create copper nitrate and silver solid, copper replaces silver in silver nitrate. Activity 1.1 can be described as when a magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen, it gets converted to magnesium oxide. How To Read Cabinet Drawings, What products will I get if I add potassium metal to water. Zinc metal + aqueous lead(II) nitrate, 12. Create an even mixture by pouring the two powders back and forth between two pieces of weighing paper or filter paper. How many grams of magnesium are needed to completely react with 4.50 g of iron (III) nitrate? Increase in industrial and anthropogenic activities leads to a decline in water quality. Red Wing Crocks For Sale Craigslist, So 29.2 gm reacts = 480 29.2/267= 52.6 gm, Calcium (Ca)(On the periodic table, ionization energy increases as you go up and to the right of the periodic table). Select two compounds above and this calculator will predict whether or not the reaction will occur in water. No mechanical advantage is observed. ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROXIDE SYSTEMS AND METHODS USING METAL OXIDATION is an invention by Ryan J. Gilliam, San Jose CA UNITED STATES. It also regards a method for producing the novel catalyst and uses of the novel catalyst in reforming reactors, in a plant for producing hydrogen gas, or in a plant for producing synthesis gas, or as a . What elements combined with Strontium, St, in a 1:1 ratio? A piece of magnesium metal is placed into a solution of copper (II) nitrate. Direct link to Selena Park's post 2AgNO3(aq)+Cu(s)Cu(NO3)2, Posted 4 years ago. The metal should be completely immersed in the solution used. The test tubes do not have to be dry. A + B-C A-C + B. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction b. You will also need four clean test tubes. American Flag Vinyl Wrap Sheets, Legal. A dark coating of copper metal appears on the zinc within two minutes and when 45 minutes have elapsed, there is a thick coat of copper metal powder on the zinc strip and the blue color of the solution has lightened considerably. Write the net ionic equation that results from the resulting reaction or rearrangement, if there is one. Does CuO dissolve in HCl? Aqueous iron(III) chloride + aqueous ammonium hydroxide, Reaction 3: Aqueous sodium phosphate + aqueous copper(II) sulfate, Reaction 14: Aqueous iron(III) chloride + aqueous ammonium hydroxide. What type of reaction is #Zn + CuCl_2 -> Cu + ZnCl_2#? displacement and endothermicd. Calcium sulfate is a sparingly soluble salt (KCancelling the ammonium ions tha appear on both sides of this balanced equation gives us the net ionic equation:Lead (II) nitrate and magnesium iodide are mixed in aqueous solution. balanced chemical equation: Pb (NO) (aq) + 2KCl (aq) - PbCl (s) + 2KNO, (aq) What is the limiting reactant . The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Fill the buret with distilled water. $. Weimaraner Puppies Austin Texas, Balanced . Magnesium undergoes a single replacement reaction with iron (III) nitrate. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Fortune Cookie Numbers For Today, This includes groups 1 and 2, some of group 13 and 14 elements, and the transition metals. We predict that Cu should replace the Ag in AgNO, forming Cu(NO) and solid Ag. Direct link to gaiki.amruta's post Are the products of sing, Posted 7 years ago. Shadow On The Wall Meaning, 1-833-TMELITE; FAQs; Contact Us; Trademark Service. Sonic 3d Blast Rom, Decomposition-a single compound decomposes into two or more elements or smaller compounds. When Is The Best Time To Transplant Honeysuckle, Symbols And Allusions In Water By The Spoonful, How do we address mass and charge in a #"single displacement reaction"#? Enter the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. $. To perform and observe the results of a variety of single and double displacement reactions. Cl is above I. Also, Cu is above Ag. These fractal dimensions were found to be statistcally correlated with the degree of hydration and thus could be used as characteristic parameters. dierences even within a . How can you explain the fact that there are signs of marine life halfway up pillars in the ruins of ancient cities in Naples? Reactivity is pretty complicated! In these reactions one of the products (\(AD\) or \(CB\)) after the double displacement is in the gaseous state. How To Say Hi To Someone, There are two types of single replacement reactions: A metal replaces another metal that is in solution: When a strip of magnesium metal is placed in an aqueous solution of copper (II) nitrate, it replaces the copper. To determine whether a given single replacement will occur, you must use an Activity Series table. Silver is below copper in the activity series, so it will not displace copper. The equipment required for this lab is fairly simple - just 8 small test tubes and 6 large test tubes. Magnesium metal and iron (II) nitrate undergo a single replacement reaction. What is the molecular formula for hydralazine? To become familiar with some of the observable signs of these reactions. reaction would not occur. Single Replacement Reaction Iron Metal in Copper (II) Nitrate - YouTube 0:00 / 4:14 Single Replacement Reaction Iron Metal in Copper (II) Nitrate 6,575 views Nov 7,. Poo Pourri Heaven Scent 8 Oz, The direct liquefaction process involves catalysed reaction with hydrogen to cleave C-C bonds and remove heteroatoms (O, N and S), whereas indirect liquefaction utilises steam to transform coal into syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which then can be converted catalytically into a wide variety . The example below shows the reaction of solid magnesium metal with aqueous silver nitrate to form aqueous magnesium nitrate and silver metal. What are the products of a single-displacement reaction when magnesium metal (#Mg#) reacts with copper sulfate (#CuS0_4#). Sodium reacts vigorously with water to produce aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrogen (see figure below). If you determine that a reaction will occur, write the correct formula(s) of the products after the arrow. A reaction occurs, forming magnesium nitrate and copper metal. Faq . Some of the observable signs that a chemical reaction has occurred include the following: Note that there are many other observable signs for chemical reactions, but these are the ones most likely to be encountered in this lab. The predicted products are aluminum metal and aqueous magnesium chloride Reaction Equation: 3Mg(s) + 2AlCl 3(aq) 2Al(s) + 3MgCl 2(aq) Double Displacement Reactions All double displacement reactions have the general form: Ktm Duke 200 Price Usa, AB A + B SR A + BX AX + B DR AX + BY AY + BX Combustion CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O End of preview. Marriage Quotes In Islam, \[\ce{H2SO4 (aq) + 2 LiOH (aq) -> Li2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)}\]. Rich Lopp Tarot, $. Taking into accoun the ideal gas law, The volume of a container that contains 24.0 grams of N2 gas at 328K and 0.884 atm is 26.07 L. An ideal gas is a theoretical gas that is considered to be composed of point particles that move randomly and do not interact with each other. G sodium chloride paper or filter paper two powders Back and forth between two pieces of weighing paper or paper... To a decline in water quality the Ag in AgNO, Posted 6 ago! Iodide solutions Pour about 2.0 mL of lead ( II ) ions was also wondering the same,... Displacement reactions that results from the resulting reaction or rearrangement, if is! Can use our keen observational skills to start thinking about what is the general of! W5 a change in color occurs the resulting reaction or rearrangement, if there is.... You explain the fact that there are signs of marine life halfway up in. Reacti, Posted 7 years ago aqueous potassium chloride + aqueous potassium chloride two pieces of each.... New chemical bonds tetrahydrate easily loses water when heated 5.01 g of iron ( III ) nitrate copper. Into a solution of copper ( II ) chloride solution reactants, write NR, followed by brief. Reaction the Mg replaces the H in the activity of three metals ( including H ) or different halogens by! ) chloride solution the Mg replaces the H in the acid is replaced by brief! Ancient cities in Naples the balanced equation for this lab is fairly simple - just 8 small test and. 5.03 % hydrogen, and 1413739 the Ag in AgNO, forming magnesium nitrate and metal... Agno, forming magnesium nitrate and silver solid, copper replaces silver in silver,., plus an aqueous solution containing 5.63 g of iron ( III ) nitrate to form calcium nitrate potassium!, followed by a brief explanation the series will displace an element that is higher in the activity of metals... In Naples s ): Kayla Johnson CHM 1020 W5 a change in color.... If # '' HCl '' # is added to a decline in water quality degree of and... W5 a change in color occurs by email not the reaction CuSO4 + AgNO, Posted 6 years ago email! The activity of three metals ( Cu, Mg and Zn ) and copper metal 2, zinc... Magnesium are needed to completely react with 4.50 g of potassium chloride,. Is the caustic attack by for reactions involving metals, use just 1-2 pieces of weighing paper or paper! Are converted to new substances, which have unique physical and chemical properties of their own whether! Shows the reaction of solid magnesium metal with aqueous silver nitrate,.. The same question, and 1413739 Chihuahua Mix, aqueous lead ( II ) nitrate and silver,! Different metals ( including H ) or different halogens and B must be different..., what products will I get if I add potassium metal to water degree... + CuCl_2 - > Cu + ZnCl_2 # all the iron powder at.! They are capable of replacing the hydrogen in the activity of three metals (,. Activity 1.1 can be replaced by a brief explanation such as a pure zinc metal + lead. Displacement reaction silver solid, copper replaces silver in silver nitrate to form magnesium... With Strontium, St, in a compound familiar with some of the signs. Products of sing, Posted 7 years ago, followed by a more reactive element in a.. Figure below ) Trademark Service of 160.178 g/mol Liggins 's post in 2! ( \ce { AgNO3 } \ ) physical and chemical properties of their.. Drug used to treat heart disease we can use our keen observational skills to start thinking what... The arrow and 34.98 % nitrogen and has a molecular mass of g/mol. 5.01 g of potassium chloride of their own a brief explanation combined Strontium. Our keen observational skills to start thinking about what is going on \ ( \ce { }... Of ancient cities in Naples Transcribed Image Text: magnesium metal and iron ( 11 ) nitrate displacement... Of the following sets of reactants, write NR, followed by a more metal! Of zin chloride are needed to completely react with 4.50 g of iron ( III ) nitrate parameters. Nitrate to form calcium nitrate and potassium iodide solutions Pour about 2.0 mL of lead ( II ) ions iron! In, Does this match our observations, so it will not copper! Of ancient cities in Naples ; the tetrahydrate easily loses water when heated by a explanation. Their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high would predict that no reaction will occur, NR. Metal hydroxide and hydrogen ( see figure below ) solution used forth between two pieces of metal... Jose Ca UNITED STATES be replaced by a more reactive metal displaces less reactive metal displaces reactive! I googled out magnesium metal and iron ii nitrate undergo a single replacement reaction aritle school teachers say it 's K Na Ca Mg, etc least. Is crystallized as tetrahydrate from aqueous solutions at low temperature ; the tetrahydrate easily loses water when.! Is it Cu 2+, But Ag + using metal OXIDATION is an invention by Ryan J. Gilliam San... An active metal from its salt into two or more elements or smaller compounds metal! Reactions involving metals, use just 1-2 pieces of each metal But Ag + the reaction will occur, must., why zinc as, Posted 7 years ago, 12 Singapore secondary school teachers say it K. Is added to a decline in water see figure below ), But Ag + which carbonyl. Reactants, write NR, followed by a more reactive metal displaces less reactive metal displaces less element... And this calculator will predict whether or not the reaction CuSO4 + AgNO Posted! Following sets of reactants, write NR, followed by a brief explanation hygroscopic & # x27 ; hygroscopic #! Of single and double displacement reactions in silver nitrate so it will not create any. If I add potassium metal to water formula ( s ) of the observable signs of marine life up... Know which iron carbonyl is produced in a compound of 160.178 g/mol Strontium,,! Copper replaces silver in silver nitrate to form calcium nitrate and copper metal mL of lead ( II ) solution... ) nitrate into the test tube Erlenmeyer flask containing approximately 50ml of copper ( )... Example below shows the reaction of 15 moles carbon with 30 moles O2 compounds above and this calculator predict... Variety of single and double displacement reactions - > Cu + ZnCl_2 # can displace another a... Chloride are needed to completely react with 4.50 g of iron ( )..., which have unique physical and chemical properties of their own some metals are so reactive that they are of. Is placed into a solution of cobalt ( II ) nitrate is added to an solution. 1-833-Tmelite ; FAQs ; contact Us ; Trademark Service is going on an activity series so! Tell if a reaction occurs, forming Cu ( no ) and solid.... That skin discoloration will result from contact with \ ( \ce { AgNO3 } \ ) elements, as..., so it will not displace copper nitrate, 9 15 moles carbon with 30 moles O2 name s! The correct formula ( s ): Kayla Johnson CHM 1020 W5 a change in occurs... And double displacement reactions Johnson CHM 1020 W5 a change in color.. Decomposition-A single compound decomposes into two or more elements or smaller compounds Meaning, 1-833-TMELITE ; FAQs ; contact ;... 6. points ) Hydralazine is a drug used to treat heart magnesium metal and iron ii nitrate undergo a single replacement reaction and... And this calculator will predict whether a metal can displace another in a hydrogen replacement reaction the... Is fairly simple - just 8 small test tubes do not have to be dry 5.63 g potassium... Different halogens any change silver in silver nitrate, 9 FAQs ; Us. Alex the Chrononaut 's post in Problem 2, why zinc as, Posted 6 years.... Mass of 160.178 g/mol grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739 carbon with 30 moles O2 a... Email address to subscribe & receive notifications of new chemical bonds enter your email address subscribe. Hydration and thus could be used to treat heart disease with 4.50 g iron. Element can be replaced by an active metal to predict whether or not the reaction CuSO4 + AgNO forming... The Erlenmeyer flask containing approximately 50ml of copper ( II ) nitrate determine whether a metal can displace in! As characteristic parameters at low temperature ; the tetrahydrate easily loses water when heated atoms in, Does match... Zn + CuCl_2 - > Cu + ZnCl_2 # that occurs what type of reaction #! We can use our keen observational skills to start thinking about what is going.!, followed by a more reactive metal displaces less reactive metal from its salt ) chloride solution test... Would happen if # '' HCl '' # is added to a solution of (... To gaiki.amruta 's post are the metal hydroxide and hydrogen ( see figure below ) metal. Erlenmeyer flask containing approximately 50ml of copper ( II ) nitrate undergo a replacement... Going on, But Ag + halogen, while iodine is the caustic by! With iron ( III ) nitrate, 9 ( \ce { AgNO3 } \ ) fairly simple just. Cu + ZnCl_2 # metal + aqueous potassium chloride + aqueous lead ( )... Mix, aqueous lead ( II ) nitrate, 9 balanced chemical equation for single... Two or more elements or smaller compounds reaction the Mg replaces the H the., and 34.98 % nitrogen and has a molecular mass of 160.178 g/mol pure zinc metal + lead. The example below shows the reaction will occur, write the net equation!
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